International migration, Mexico to USA

Migration from Mexico to the United States Of America primarily involves the movement of Mexicans from Mexico to the southern states of America which border Mexico. In America, it starts in California and ends in Texas (east to west). Due to their proximity to the border & the high availability of work in these states, the majority of Mexicans move to California followed by Texas. 

Many Mexicans from rural communities migrate to America, the majority being males who move to America and then send money back to their families in Mexico. Many of these immigrants enter the country illegally, which often requires them to cross a large desert that separates Mexico and America and the Rio Grande. These journeys are dangerous and many immigrants have died, or nearly died, trying to cross into America through these routes.

Push Factors Poor medical facilities - 1800 per doctor Low paid jobs - (GNP = $3750) Adult literacy rates 55% - poor education prospects Life expectancy 72 yrs 40% Unemployed

Pull Factors Excellent medical facilities - 400 per doctor Well paid jobs - GNP = $24,750) Adult literacy rates 99% - good education prospects Life expectancy 76 yrs Many jobs available for low paid workers such as Mexicans

What are Push and and Pull factors? 

Push and pull factors are the factors which are the negative and positive factors of 

The impacts of mass tourism

Package holidays are a large part of Mass Tourism, this is a branch of tourism which large TNCs shape developments according to global demand. It is a large scale, commercial, Focused on popular destinations but does not give much back to the local community. Mass tourism has brought positives and negatives, mainly economic, socio-cultural and environmental. 

Countries which have positives impacts from tourism are Southern Europe, the middle east, Africa, southeast Asia and central America. These countries benefit from tourisms effects by being labour intensive, which creates many jobs, not just in hotels and restaurants but in other tourist services such as transport, this helps the local economy grow. There is a downside though, such as many large tourism agencies are owned by large companies, which take most the profit, not helping the local economy as much as it could and taking up to 90% of the trips cost.

Tourisms effect on culture is mainly negative, with the disruption of current culture and bringing in new culture, wiping out the original  culture. Also the more people at a location the more likely there is to be tension with local people since tourists can easily offend traditional values of local people, and/or codes of behaviour in a  number of ways.

There is also mainly a negative impact on environment with traveling CO2 emissions and the waste the tourists create, although ecotourism does provide an opportunity for people to learn about the environment and become more supportive of environmental conservation.

Case study on Bhutan

(Above the Flag of The Kingdom Bhutan)
Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is landlocked country in South Asia located at the eastern end of the Himalayas. It is bordered to the north by China and to the south, east and west by India. To the west, it is separated from Nepal by the Indian state of Sikkim, who further south it is serrated from Bangladesh by the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal. Bhutan's Capital and largest city is Thimphu.

Bhutan is known for its beautiful scenery of Mountains and undisturbed wildlife. With amazing views and near/accessible to other countries due to being on the multiple borders and being a small country. Bhutan is also known for architecture and structures in the mountains.

Tourism

Globalisation is not just about manufacturing. As the Tesco case study (page 219) has illustrated, it is also about services. No service has grown and spread more spectacular over the last 50 years than tourism. today around 900 million people become international tourists each year - that is equivalent to more then one tenth of the worlds population.

 Unfinished?

Global shift in manufacture

The global economy is not only expanding in size and extent, it is also changing. For example, new services are appearing within the tertiary and quaternary sectors. Advances in technology are creating new branches of manufacturing, most notably the high-tech industries. Modern communications are leading to new ways of working and new work locations. Teleworking and outsourcing are two such examples. However no less significant is that established branches of manufacturing are shifting their locations. Basically from HIC's to MIC's and LIC's

Benidorm

Benidorm is one of the most traditional sun and sand tourist destinations of the Mediterranean coast of Spain. We are going to use it for an example of the tourism increase in Spain. Benidorm has 80,000 residents but over 1.5 million visitors per year. Due to tourism it has the highest density of skyscrapers per resident in the

world.

Due to its mild weather it is a popular choice for most the year. The hotels located on Benidorm are mainly independent hotels, followed by Benidorm companies and local companies. Due to the stable relationship between businesses in target countries (UK, Netherlands, Norway) it has a constant flow of tourists. Due to the demands of the tourists the original beach destination now has theme parks, golf courses, plays and productions and other non traditional entertainment attractions.

Before 1950 Benidorm was a fishermen’s village, although shortly after national tourism started in the village. Two years after this there were already suffering local businesses such as one of the biggest tuna fishery’s.  In 1956 there was a general urban development plan in Benidorm to make it a tourist devoted town for the main beaches. By 1959 there were four new hotels and a international Benidorm song festival. This also achieved Benidorm to become more accustomed to the tourism, allowing things the tourists brought such as the use of bikinis and in local towns.

Other the next 10 years Benidorm increased massively with over 50 new hotels being constructed, with the start of large tourist attractions being built such as a bull fighting square. The second General Urban Development plan was introduced which allowed skyscrapers and a low local residence in the town. At the end of this decade a large step to international tourism was introduced in the form of Alcante Airport, and five years later a motorway was built between the airport and Benidorm. Benidorm also became more efficient in the fact that

Transnational corporations

Globalisation has resulted in many businesses setting up or buying operations in other countries. When a foreign company invests in a country, perhaps by building a factory or a shop, this is called inward investment. Companies that operate in several countries are called multinational corporations (MNCs) or transnational corporations (TNCs). The US fast-food chain McDonald's is a large MNC - it has nearly 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries.